关键字: IC卡ID卡接触式IC卡感应式IC卡射频IC卡电话IC卡 Keyword: IC card ID card contactless IC card contactless IC card RF IC card telephone IC card

IC卡和ID卡的区别 IC cards and ID cards distinction

一,IC卡与ID卡定义 1, IC card and ID card definition

IC卡全称集成电路卡(Integrated Circuit Card),又称智能卡(Smart Card).可读写,容量大,有加密功能,数据记录可靠,使用更方便,如一卡通系统,消费系统等,目前主要有PHILIPS的Mifare系列卡. IC card full name IC card (Integrated Circuit Card), also known as smart cards (Smart Card). Read-write, high capacity, encryption, data recording reliable, more convenient to use, such as card systems, consumer system, at present, there are mainly PHILIPS series of Mifare cards.

ID卡全称身份识别卡(Identification Card),是一种不可写入的感应卡,含固定的编号,主要有台湾SYRIS的EM格式,美国HID,TI,MOTOROLA等各类ID卡. ID card name identification card (Identification Card), is a non-induction into the card, with a fixed number, the main Taiwan SYRIS EM format, the United States HID, TI, MOTOROLA, and other ID cards.

二,为什么IC卡要做初始化(即加密)工作,而ID卡不用 Second, why do initialization IC card (ie encryption), and do not have ID cards

1.IC卡在使用时,必须要先通过IC卡与读写设备间特有的双向密钥认证后,才能进行相关工作,从而使整个系统具有极高的安全保障.所以,就必须对出厂的IC卡进行初始化(即加密),目的是在出厂后的IC卡内生成不可破解的一卡通系统密钥,以保证一卡通系统的安全发放机制. 1.IC cards in use, we must first through the IC card reader devices and the unique two-way key certification to carry out related work, so that the whole system is highly security. Therefore, we must on the factory IC card to initialize (encryption), is aimed at the factory after the formation of the IC card crack the card key system, in order to ensure the safety of card payment system mechanism.

2.IC卡初始化加密后,交给用户使用时,客户通过IC卡发行系统,又将各用户卡生成自己系统的专用密钥.这样,就保证了在其它用户系统发行的用户卡不能在该系统使用,保证了系统的专一性,从而保证了系统的安全使用机制. 2.IC card initialization encryption, to the user, the customer through the IC card issuance systems, card users will generate its own system dedicated keys, thus ensuring the user's system in the other card users can not be issued in the use of the system to ensure that the specificity of the system, thus ensuring the safe use of the system mechanism.

3.ID卡与磁卡一样,都仅仅使用了"卡的号码"而已,卡内除了卡号外,无任何保密功能,其"卡号"是公开,裸露的.所以说ID卡就是"感应式磁卡",也就根本谈不上需要还是不需要初始化的问题. 3.ID cards and magnetic cards, are only used "card numbers" only, in addition to the card numbers, without any security functions, the "numbers" are open, exposed. Therefore said ID cards is the "magnetic induction , "and it simply does not need or do not need initialization problem.

4.初始化过程为什么不交由用户自己做呢这是因为: 4. Initialization process Why not do so by the user's own reason is this:
1)如果由用户自己初始化,就不能防范用户内部人员作弊.因为用户在使用一卡通系统时,若有员工用社会上买来的卡随意初始化,便可随意发行成住户才能使用的住户卡,甚至可随意给卡充值消费,这不仅将造成严重作弊后果,也将导致一卡通系统的安全出现使用机制上的严重漏洞. 1) If the user's own initialization, users will not be able to prevent internal fraud. Card because users in the use of the system, if employees use the community cards purchased at initialization, will be issued at 10% of households to use tenants cards, or even free to recharge card consumption, which will not only cause serious consequences of cheating, the card system will also lead to the use of the security mechanism in a serious loophole.

2)另外,若用户买到劣质出厂卡自己初始化,而在系统上不能使用,则会使系统使用性能不良或瘫痪,这将造成事故责任不清. 2) In addition, if users buy their own poor factory card initialization, and the system can not be used, the system will use paralysis or bad performance, which will result in responsibility for the accident unclear.

3)初始化过程在厂家执行,主要是IC卡安全密钥认证机制的基本需要,也是IC卡系统集成商的行规.就像城市公共交通IC卡一样,这些卡在交给公交系统使用前,每张卡的密钥都要进行出厂加密控制. 3) initialization process manufacturers in the implementation of IC card security is the main key authentication mechanism for the basic needs, but also IC card system integrators the norm. Urban public transport as IC cards, these cards to the public transport system before use Each card will carry out pre-encryption key control.

4)如果因用户缺乏专业性管理而万一丢失了初始化授权用的密钥卡,用户和厂家将无法补用该卡.所以,初始化工作由厂家做,才有安全保障. 4) If the user because of the lack of professional management or, if authorized by the initialization of the key card, users and manufacturers will not be able to fill with the card. Therefore, initialized by the manufacturers do have security.

三,IC卡系统与ID卡系统的比较 3, IC card system and the ID card system comparison

1.安全性: 1. Safety:
IC卡的安全性远大于ID卡.ID卡内的卡号读取无任何权限,易于仿制.IC卡内所记录数据的读取,写入均需相应的密码认证,甚至卡片内每个区均有不同的密码保护,全面保护数据安全,IC卡写数据的密码与读出数据的密码可设为不同,提供了良好分级管理方式,确保系统安全. IC card is far greater than the safety of ID cards. ID card read the numbers without any authority, easy imitation. IC card reader recorded data, the need to write the corresponding password authentication, and even within each of the cards have different password protection, comprehensive protection for data security, IC card password and write data Douchushuju password can be set to different classification management provides a good way to ensure system security.

2.可记录性: 2. Recorded:
ID卡不可写入数据,其记录内容(卡号)只可由芯片生产厂一次性写入,开发商只可读出卡号加以利用,无法根据系统的实际需要制订新的号码管理制度. ID cards can not be included in the data, the records (numbers) can only be a one-time write chip production plant, developers only readable to use numbers, not in accordance with the actual need for new numbers management system.

IC卡不仅可由授权用户读出大量数据,而且亦可由授权用户写入大量数据(如新的卡号,用户的权限,用户资料等),IC卡所记录内容可反复擦写. IC card not only authorized users can read large amounts of data, but also from authorized users write large amounts of data (such as a new credit card numbers, user permissions, user information, etc.), the IC card can be repeatedly erased and the records.

3.存储容量: 3. Storage capacity:
ID卡仅仅记录卡号;而IC卡(比如Philips mifare1卡)可以记录约1000个字符的内容. ID cards only record numbers, and IC card (such as Philips mifare1 card) can be recorded about 1,000 characters in the content.

4.脱机与联网运行: 4. Offline and networking operations:
由于ID卡卡内无内容,故其卡片持有者的权限,系统功能操作要完全依赖于计算机网络平台数据库的支持. Because the ID Kaka Monayong, so the card holder's authority, operating system functions to rely solely on the computer network platform database support.

而IC卡本身已记录了大量用户相关内容(卡号,用户资料,权限,消费余额等大量信息),完全可以脱离计算机平台运行,实现联网与脱机自动转换的运行方式,能够达到大范围使用,少布线的需求. The IC card itself has recorded a large number of users relevant content (credit card numbers, user information, authority, consumption of information, such as balance), can run from computer platforms, networked and offline automatically switch operation modes, can be achieved large-scale use less cabling needs.

5.一卡通扩展应用: 5. Expansion card application:
ID卡由于无记录,无分区,只能依赖网络软件来处理各子系统的信息,这就大大增加对网络的依赖;如果在ID卡系统完成后,用户欲增加功能点,则需要另外布线,这不仅增加了工程施工难度,而且增加了不必要的投资.所以说,使用ID卡来做系统,难以进行系统扩展,难以实现真正的一卡通. ID cards because no records, no zoning, only relying on the software to deal with the network subsystem information, which greatly increased reliance on the network if the ID card system was completed, the user wishes to add functionality, the need for other fabrics line, which not only increased the difficulty of the construction, and an unnecessary increase in investment. Therefore, the use of an ID card system to do, it is difficult for system expansion, it is difficult to realize a real card.

而IC卡存储区自身分为16个分区,每个分区有不同的密码,具有多个子系统独立管理功能,如第一分区实现门禁,第二分区实现消费,第三分区实现员工考勤等等.充分实现一卡通的目的,并且可以做到完全模块化设计,用户即使要增加功能点,也无需再布线,只需增加硬件和软件模块,这便于IC卡系统以后的随时升级扩展,实现平稳升级,减少重复投资. The IC card memory itself are divided into 16 zones, each zone has different passwords, independent management subsystem with multiple functions, such as the first district to achieve entry, the second district to achieve consumption, and to achieve the third district staff attendance, and so on. card full realization of the purpose, and completely modular design can be done, even if they have to add functionality to users, also no longer wiring, only additional hardware and software modules, which facilitate the IC card system after the upgrade at any time expansion of the realization of a smooth upgrade, reduce duplication of investment.

比如:某小区曾建立了ID卡一卡通系统,但由于ID卡系统的上述弊端,系统无法投入日常使用,因而只能将该系统完全作废,后改采用IC卡一卡通系统. For example: the establishment of the district, who had an ID card card system, but because of the ID card system defects, the system could not be deployed in everyday use, thus the system can completely void after the card to use IC card system.

6.智能化系统的维护和运行: 6. Intelligent system maintenance and operation:
比如:电脑发行了一张新的用户ID卡,就必须通过ID卡系统的网络,用人工方式将所有ID卡号一个个下载到各ID卡读卡控制器中,否则ID卡被作为无效卡而不能使用;若要更改用户权限,则需在每个ID卡控制器上输入有权限的ID卡号. For example: computer issued a new user ID cards, ID cards must be adopted by the network, with all manner of an ID card number to download the ID card reader controller, or as an ID card was invalid card while not in use; To change user privileges, then in each ID card controller on the importation of competence ID numbers.

又比如:在系统投入使用后经常要新增ID卡,则每新增一张卡或修改了某一张卡片的权限,就必需在该卡可用的所有控制器上输入该卡片号码,这就增加了工作量 For example: the system often put into use new ID card, a card each new or revised the competence of a one card, the card can be essential in all of the input controller card numbers, which increased workload